web3: Bitcoin BIP-110 Fork Risk Raises Concerns About Replay Attacks
Cryptonews
10h ago
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BIP-110 may trigger a fork near Bitcoin block 961,632. Developers say that if users sell the forked coins without first separating the assets on both chains, the transactions could be copied to the main chain, resulting in the real BTC also being transferred out.
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比特币社区围绕 BIP-110 的争议继续升温。开发者 Kevin Loaec 警告称,如果该提案在区块 961,632 附近触发链分叉,持有人在没有先完成资产分离的情况下转移或出售分叉链上的代币,可能会把主链上的真实 BTC 一并转出。

两条链可能共用同一笔交易

一旦发生分叉,分叉时点之前的钱包余额会同时出现在两条链上。也就是说,用户在分叉前持有多少 BTC,分叉后理论上会在主链和新链上各拥有一份对应余额。

问题在于,BIP-110 目前没有内置重放保护。若用户签名并发送一笔用于出售分叉币的交易,买方可能复制这笔交易,并将其广播到比特币主链。如果主链也接受这笔交易,用户等额的真实 BTC 也会被转走。

BIP-110为何可能触发分叉

BIP-110 的正式名称为 Reduced Data Temporary Softfork,目标是在约一年的时间内限制通过比特币交易写入图片、文本等非支付数据。

该提案可通过矿工信号提前激活,条件是在一个 2,016 区块的难度周期内获得 1,109 个区块支持,也就是 55% 的门槛。不过追踪数据显示,上周五矿工支持率仅约 2.6%,与激活条件相差很大。

更受关注的是,提案还包含强制信号机制。从区块 961,632 到 963,647,执行 BIP-110 的节点将拒绝所有未通过 bit 4 发出支持信号的区块。若这一机制生效,而多数矿工仍未转向支持,执行该提案的节点就可能拒绝主流算力所延伸的链,从而形成一条少数分支。

风险窗口或持续到9月初

按照当前设计,BIP-110 对交易数据的限制不会立刻生效,而是计划在区块 965,664 启用,预计时间在 9 月初前后。这意味着在分叉发生后的一段时间里,两条链上的普通交易仍可能同时有效。

只有当用户拿到并花费仅存在于其中一条链上的输出后,资产才算真正完成分离。在此之前,钱包和交易所若未提供专门工具,普通用户很难确认一笔交易是否只会在单一链上生效。

文章还提到,若少数链代币形成市场价格,美国持有人可能面临税务和记账问题。但眼下更直接的风险仍是技术层面:用户原本只是想处理分叉币,却可能意外转出等额 BTC。

社区反对声音增加

此前,Blockstream 联合创始人 Adam Back 和 Strategy 创始人 Michael Saylor 都公开反对 BIP-110,理由包括审查风险以及可能引发链分叉。Saylor 认为,这类围绕“垃圾数据”的共识修改会带来不良先例。

另一方面,比特币开发者 Luke Dashjr 继续支持该提案。他认为,非支付数据会推高存储成本,也会让比特币偏离货币网络的用途。

补充信息:按当前进度,BIP-110 的强制信号窗口预计将在本周末前后开启,但具体时间仍会随比特币实际出块速度变化。

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