According to CoinMeta, research papers published by teams from East Texas A&M University, North American University, and Florida Gulf Coast University have proposed a post-quantum security solution for Bitcoin’s Lightning Network called “pqln”. The papers point out that even if the Bitcoin mainnet completes quantum-resistant consensus upgrades in the future, it will not be able to directly cover the off-chain transmission layer of the Lightning Network. Current attackers are already able to record network encryption traffic, setting the stage for “steal first, decrypt later” attacks when quantum computers become a reality. To address this, “pqln” introduces lattice-based cryptography algorithms standardized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the United States (“NIST”), namely “ML-DSA” and “ML-KEM”. These algorithms are used to build hybrid post-quantum protections within the Lightning Network’s “gossip” protocol, transmission handshakes, payment onion routing, and invoices. The team has completed verification of these implementations in mainstream systems, and the additional cryptographic computation overhead is less than 0.33 milliseconds, allowing the Lightning Network to establish a quantum-resistant barrier without having to wait for Bitcoin’s own updates (“L1”).