Robot AI has moved beyond the early stages but is still stuck on data and implementation.
TechCrunch
08-26 21:51
Ai Focus
Foreign media reports that the popularity of embodied intelligence is on the rise, but robots AI are still limited by data, simulation, and commercialization capabilities. The industry has not yet seen a widespread adoption like that of ChatGPT.
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具身智能仍是今年最热的 AI 投资方向之一,但行业的兴奋情绪正被现实问题拉回地面:机器人硬件在进步,真正能稳定完成有价值工作的“脑子”还没有成熟。

TechCrunch报道称,这一反差近期表现得很明显。中国机器人公司宇树科技上市后一度带动市场热情,但股价随后大幅回落。分析人士认为,机器人的动作能力提升很快,但离可靠、可商业化的任务执行仍有距离。

行业热度继续升高

上周举行的 Actuate 大会聚集了大量机器人 AI 开发者。主办方 Foxglove 表示,这场会议自 2023 年启动以来,规模已扩大到原来的 3 倍,今年参会人数达到 1500 人。

但热度背后,行业最核心的瓶颈并没有消失。多家从业者提到,机器人 AI 目前最缺的是高质量训练数据。无论是想做通用机器人,还是针对单一任务做端到端训练,现阶段都还难以交付稳定、可重复的商业表现。

数据和算力仍是瓶颈

Antioch 创始人 Harry Mellsop 形容,当前具身智能还处在“GPT-2 时代”。他的判断是,这个阶段离真正突破还差更多数据和更多算力,尤其是适合高保真仿真的 GPU。

从现状看,自动驾驶公司走得更靠前。一方面,车辆天然能持续采集真实道路数据;另一方面,自动驾驶的核心任务更多是避障,而不是直接操控复杂物体。这使得自动驾驶在数据基础设施、仿真系统和机器学习运维方面,已经形成较成熟的方法。

自动驾驶公司切入机器人

这也是为什么不少自动驾驶企业开始把已有工具迁移到机器人方向。特斯拉已在推进 Optimus,Wayve 和 Uber 也已设立机器人实验室,研究人形机器人形态。

Wayve 首席执行官 Alex Kendall 认为,现在还不适合过早押注单一硬件平台,因为传感器和零部件仍在快速变化。他表示,数据基础设施、仿真和 ML Ops 工具会有较高共通性,但不同机器人形态仍需要各自的后训练和世界模型适配。

不过,也有人主张软硬件协同设计。Genesis AI 首席执行官 Théophile Gervet 表示,行业还太早,仅靠“机器人大脑”策略未必足够,硬件与 AI 联合设计仍有很大空间。

通用人形仍未走出实验室

在商业化路径上,行业已经出现分化。面向具体任务的机器人开始进入真实场景,例如 Gritt 参与太阳能电站建设,Agility 在工业场景部署机器人,Bedrock 则推进挖掘机自动化。相比之下,通用型人形机器人仍大多停留在实验室阶段。

Gervet 直言,客户并不需要一个成功率只有 80% 的通用机器人。如果没有明确场景,产品很难创造实际价值。但如果只做很窄的垂直任务,又可能在下一代更强模型出现后失去优势。

围绕数据管理,Foxglove 本周还发布了一款新产品,基于英伟达 Cosmos 开源世界模型,允许工程师用自然语言检索视觉和激光雷达数据,以更快完成评估、排障和仿真构建。

至于具身智能何时迎来类似 ChatGPT 的转折点,行业内部并没有统一答案。有人期待低成本高自主性的产品先在消费端普及,也有人认为机器人不会出现软件那样的爆发式分发时刻,而会更像个人电脑早期那样缓慢进入家庭和产业场景。

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