US Department of Energy laboratory reviews security risks of Chinese lidar
TechCrunch
1h ago
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US laboratories are reviewing the safety risks of Chinese lidar in autonomous vehicles, with a focus on cyberattacks, data leakage, and supply chain dependencies.
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美国对华科技安全审查正进一步延伸到自动驾驶零部件。TechCrunch援引知情人士称,美国能源部下属的爱达荷国家实验室正在评估,中国制造激光雷达若在美国车辆中大规模使用,是否会带来安全隐患。

这项审查据称由电动车和自动驾驶行业的一家或多家公司出资支持,但具体企业尚未公开。爱达荷国家实验室未就此置评,仅表示该项目不便向媒体讨论。中国厂商禾赛科技和速腾聚创也未回应相关问询。

审查聚焦两类风险

激光雷达是自动驾驶常用传感器,主要通过激光脉冲测量周边物体距离。报道指出,这次评估的重点不只是产地问题,更在于设备本身是否存在网络安全与数据安全隐患。

以色列激光雷达公司 Innoviz 联合创始人兼首席执行官 Omer Keilaf 表示,风险大致分为两层:一是供应链依赖,二是网络安全问题。前者涉及整套自动驾驶系统若建立在中国供应链之上,后续替代和维护成本可能上升;后者则包括设备被大范围干扰,或采集到的高精度环境数据被压缩后传输出去。

不过,报道也提到,目前尚无公开证据显示中国制造激光雷达已经在美国车辆中引发这类大范围安全事件,相关担忧仍处于评估阶段。

价格下探推动采用讨论

这一议题升温,与激光雷达近年价格快速下降有关。十年前,一套产品价格最高可达 7.5 万美元,如今部分产品已降至数百美元。随着产能扩大,中国厂商在成本上形成明显优势。

美国本土激光雷达企业近几年则持续承压,行业出现整合,部分公司甚至进入破产程序。价格差距也让一些美国车企和自动驾驶公司开始考虑将中国激光雷达纳入传感器方案。报道提到,Rivian 是被外界点名的潜在采用者之一。

监管范围仍未覆盖激光雷达

目前,美国企业仍可使用中国制造激光雷达,但政策边界尚未完全明确。美国国防部已将禾赛科技和速腾聚创列入“1260H 清单”,限制其与美国军方开展业务,但这一措施并不等同于全面民用禁令。

2025 年,美国商务部已禁止中国制造的联网硬件进入美国乘用车体系,但激光雷达和其他自动驾驶传感器暂未被纳入禁令范围。美国参议员 Tammy Baldwin 则表示,她担心相关设备可能被用于军事或工业间谍活动,并正推动限制纳税人资金采购此类技术。

补充信息:报道提到,2024 年初部分使用禾赛传感器的自动驾驶车辆曾因闰年日期处理问题停运一天。该事件并非安全攻击,但显示出关键传感器一旦集中失效,车辆运行会受到直接影响。

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