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特斯拉将在中国召回接近 300 万辆汽车,原因是车辆的应急机械开门装置提示不足,碰撞或起火时可能影响乘员快速逃生。这一动作也发生在中国收紧隐藏式门把手安全要求的背景下。

中国推进门把手整改

近年来,不少车企把电子门锁和隐藏式门把手作为标配。这类设计便于通过手机或 NFC 卡片解锁,但在碰撞或断电情况下,电子机构可能失效,因此车辆通常还会保留机械应急开门装置。

问题在于,这些机械装置常被放在不易发现的位置,有的藏在门板内侧,有的需要额外操作才能使用。中国在完成两年审查后,于今年 2 月表示,将从 2027 年起禁止隐藏式、电子驱动的外部门把手。

召回聚焦应急开门提示

这次召回的重点并非日常开门功能失灵,而是提醒车主了解机械应急开门方式,以降低碰撞或火灾场景下被困车内的风险。报道未提到新的事故数据,但指出这一问题已成为行业持续关注的安全事项。

电子门锁近年在电动车和智能汽车上快速普及。它有助于提升外观一体化设计,也方便无钥匙进入,但一旦车辆失电,备用机械结构是否容易找到,直接关系到紧急逃生效率。

美国监管也在跟进

类似问题并不只出现在中国。美国汽车安全监管机构去年底也开始调查特斯拉的门锁系统,此前媒体报道再次放大了这一设计风险。监管部门同时在研究是否需要调整相关安全标准。

美国国会也有人提出立法建议,要求车内机械开门装置必须容易理解且便于乘员触及。这意味着,未来监管重点可能不只是是否配备机械备份,还包括其位置和使用方式是否足够直观。

多家车企已受影响

特斯拉并非唯一采用类似设计的车企。Rivian 去年也因 R1 车型的机械应急开门装置位置隐蔽而受到用户和员工质疑。该公司随后表示,会在今年推出的 R2 车型上把这一装置改到更容易接触的位置。

福特也在 2025 年短暂停售 Mustang Mach-E,并发起召回,以降低车辆失电时电子门锁失灵的风险。随着监管趋严,隐藏式门把手和电子门锁设计正从造型卖点,转向更受审视的安全议题。

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