AI Data Center Cooling Turns to Recycled Water Solution
TechCrunch
1h ago
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Foreign media reports that the AI data center is increasingly using recycled water for cooling in order to alleviate the pressure on drinking water supplies, but the pace of infrastructure construction remains slow.
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随着 AI 数据中心快速扩张,冷却系统的用水压力正受到更多关注。TechCrunch 报道称,尽管“用尿液给数据中心降温”只是广告噱头,但其背后对应的现实做法,确实是把污水处理后的再生水用于数据中心冷却。

再生水已进入冷却系统

受访行业人士表示,数据中心并不会直接使用尿液或未经处理的污水降温,因为其中含有盐分、尿素、细菌和有机物,容易造成设备结垢、异味和频繁清洗。

目前更可行的路径,是将生活污水和下水系统中的废水处理后,再作为工业用水回用。相关处理通常会经过膜生物反应器、反渗透和紫外线等流程,使其达到冷却系统可用标准。

工程公司 CDM Smith 负责水回用业务的 Greta Zornes 表示,再生水用于工业冷却已持续多年,而数据中心正成为这一需求增长最快的场景之一。

AI扩张推高用水需求

报道指出,数据中心若更多使用再生水,可以减少对当地饮用水系统的挤占。但这一方案能否落地,取决于附近是否有足够规模的污水处理设施,以及是否具备把处理后水源输送到园区的基础设施。

如果数据中心建在较偏远地区,当地污水处理厂往往规模不足,难以每天提供数百万加仑的可回用水。这使得不少项目仍需依赖饮用水供应。

以美国弗吉尼亚州劳登县为例,当地拥有 250 多座数据中心,并计划继续扩建。到 2025 年,当地数据中心每天使用约 2 亿加仑再生水,但这只占其日用水量的 43%。其余约 2.6 亿加仑,仍来自饮用水系统。

  • 再生水日用量约 2 亿加仑
  • 占数据中心总用水量约 43%
  • 其余约 57% 仍依赖饮用水

基建和政策仍是瓶颈

报道援引业内人士说法称,限制再生水扩大使用的核心问题,不是技术本身,而是处理设施、输水管网和配套投资建设周期较长。

Ecolab 高管 Michael Obradovitch 表示,AI 行业本身也可能成为这类水务基建的出资方。Meta 例如已承诺在其数据中心周边的污水基础设施项目上投资至少 2.7 亿美元,以提升可回用水供给能力。

与此同时,前美国环保署水务官员 Bruno Pigott 正推动一项立法建议,希望为相关项目提供 30% 税收抵免,以加快再生水设施扩建。

报道认为,这类讨论之所以升温,也反映出公众对数据中心环境负担的关注正在扩大。Gallup 最新调查显示,约七成美国人反对在自己所在社区建设数据中心,用水、能耗和本地资源占用已成为争议焦点。

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