Foreign media: Historians criticize Silicon Valley for eroding democracy through AI
TechCrunch
1h ago
Ai Focus
Foreign media interviews claim that Jill Lepore criticizes Silicon Valley for using AI to expand the public governance role of platforms, and specifically names tech leaders such as Musk.
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外媒:历史学者 Jill Lepore 在接受 TechCrunch 采访时表示,科技公司正越来越多地接管原本属于民主政府的职能。她在即将出版的新书中,把这种趋势概括为“人工国家”的扩张。

她强调,批评对象不是技术本身,而是私人企业借助算法、平台和机器系统,逐步承担起治理、裁决和公共组织功能,而这一变化并未经过明确的公众授权。

“人工国家”指向什么

按照 Lepore 的说法,这一概念指的是一种正在替代自由民主民族国家的治理形态。它既是现实中的制度变化,也是一套长期存在的观念:由机器、企业和技术系统承担原本属于国家的职责。

她称,这类想法并非近年才出现。她在书中追溯了相关技术治理观念的历史,也试图说明,这种模式并不必然稳定,相关怀疑同样长期存在于科幻作品和政治讨论中。

批评聚焦硅谷公司

Lepore 把批评重点放在硅谷科技公司,尤其是那些以效率、速度和成本为理由重塑公共事务的企业。她认为,过去二三十年里,这种变化已从技术辅助,转向更主动地挤占国家职能。

她提到,一些科技企业家公开表达过超越民族国家时代的想法。她还把这一脉络与 1990 年代互联网扩张时期的自由意志主义思潮联系起来,认为当时不少人希望借互联网削弱国家治理能力。

马斯克与 AI 公司被点名

在 Lepore 看来,马斯克等硅谷人物对科幻作品的理解存在偏差,并把这种想象带入现实政治与商业叙事。她称,这些领导者并没有形成严密的政治哲学,却不断借用国家象征和民主语言来包装企业权力。

她举例称,从社交平台强化自身治理结构,到 AI 公司讨论“宪法”,再到“AI 总统”之类说法,都反映出科技企业正把自己放到更接近公共权力的位置。

她还回顾了互联网和个人电脑早期的理想主义叙事。她认为,技术产品曾被包装为促进个人自由和民主参与的工具,但现实发展并未自动带来更强的公民能力,反而让大型平台在信息传播和政治影响力上获得更大空间。

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