According to CoinMeta, researchers from Google, Mysten Labs, and Purdue University have proposed a AgentValve payment authorization protocol. This protocol limits attackers from manipulating reputations using a large number of fake identities and increasing payment risks through limited capacity based on trust networks and on-chain atomic payment authorizations. Tests based on six months of Ethereum data and synthetic workloads have shown that even with up to 10,000 rogue identities participating in the attack, user payment risks and trust capacity consumption remain within set limits. Its witness submission mechanism can reduce payment access costs by up to 40.8%, with the cost of regular payments being approximately $0.04–$0.21.