The Sandbox Suspends Cross-Chain Bridge Between Base and BNB Chain: Unsecured SAND Why Can't We Just Look at the Coin Minting Volume?
币界网
1h ago
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On August 22, The Sandbox stated that a vulnerability was discovered in its SAND cross-chain bridge on Base and BNB Smart Chain. Attackers were able to mint tokens without the corresponding Ethereum SAND locking support. The team subsequently suspended the related cross-chain functionality and claimed that the vulnerability had been contained. The core issue of this incident is not merely the simple "minting" of additional tokens, but rather the disruption of the most fundamental accounting relationships between cross-chain assets: the mapped tokens on the target chain should correspond one-to-one with the assets locked or destroyed on the source chain; once unsecured minting occurs, the market can no longer assume equivalence between SAND on different chains.
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The Sandbox 8月22日表示,其SAND跨链桥在Base和BNB Smart Chain上出现漏洞,攻击者能够在没有对应以太坊SAND锁仓支持的情况下铸造代币。团队随后暂停相关跨链功能,并称漏洞已经被遏制。事件的核心不是简单的“增发”数字,而是跨链资产最基本的会计关系被破坏:目标链上的映射代币,本应与来源链中锁定或销毁的资产一一对应;一旦无抵押铸造发生,市场就无法假定不同链上的SAND等价。

多家报道对铸造规模给出不同口径,链上还可能包含测试、转移和冻结地址,因此在官方完成地址清单与核算前,不宜用单一数量作为最终损失。更关键的指标是无抵押代币有多少进入流动性池或中心化交易所、攻击者换走了哪些真实资产、哪些余额能够冻结,以及恢复跨链时如何重建供应一致性。

跨链桥为何容易把局部漏洞放大

跨链桥通常在来源链锁定原生资产,再由目标链合约铸造映射资产。用户返回时,映射资产被销毁,来源链资产解锁。这个闭环依赖消息验证、权限管理和铸币逻辑同时正确。若攻击者伪造跨链消息、获取管理员权限或利用合约校验缺陷,就可能绕过来源链锁仓,凭空生成可交易代币。

问题一旦发生,会通过流动性迅速扩散。攻击者可以把无成本铸造的SAND卖入目标链交易池,换走USDC、ETH或BNB等有真实价值的资产。自动做市商只按池内余额定价,不会判断代币是否有以太坊储备。价格下跌又会吸引套利者,把异常传播到更多市场。暂停桥能阻止继续跨链,却不能自动撤回已经成交的交易。

The Sandbox早期把SAND扩展到Base和BNB Chain,是为了降低费用并接触更多用户。多链部署提高可达性,也增加了合约、消息通道、管理员密钥和流动性池的攻击面。每增加一条链,不只是多部署一份代币合约,还要长期维护升级、监控、应急暂停和供应核对。品牌知名度无法替代跨链基础设施审计。

“已遏制”通常意味着攻击路径被关闭或相关合约暂停,不等于经济损失已经结清。团队仍需证明漏洞根因、受影响区块范围、各链异常供应、攻击者资金流和用户补救方案。如果未来更换合约或迁移代币,还要防止钓鱼者利用混乱发布假兑换链接。

项目方和持有人接下来应核对什么

项目方首先应公布可复现的事件时间线,包括首次异常、监控告警、暂停时点和修复措施。其次应列出官方合约地址、受影响链、异常铸币地址与有效供应计算,让交易所和数据平台采用统一口径。第三应说明用户是否需要操作;在官方没有明确迁移通知前,持有人不应点击社交媒体中的“补偿”或“升级”链接。

恢复跨链前,需要独立审计和实际演练。修补导致本次漏洞的函数还不够,团队应检查管理员权限、升级代理、消息重放、限额和监控。桥可以设置每小时铸币上限、异常供应熔断和跨链延迟,为人工响应争取时间。高额操作采用多签与时间锁,也能降低单个密钥失陷的影响。

交易所和DeFi协议需要分别处理各链SAND。暂停充值提现、提高确认要求或限制异常合约,是为了防止无抵押资产进入统一账本,并不代表所有SAND永久失效。平台应明确受影响网络和恢复条件,避免用户把“某链暂停”误读为整个项目停止。

持有人则应避免在价差扩大时盲目跨链套利。目标链代币若失去储备支持,低价可能反映真实信用缺口,而不是无风险机会。即使项目方计划补偿,补偿范围、快照时间和法律条件都未必覆盖后续买入者。链上交易不可逆,错误网络和假合约还会叠加损失。

这起事件再次说明,多链代币的风险不只来自底层链,也来自连接它们的会计与权限系统。当前可以确认的是Base和BNB Chain相关桥接被暂停、团队称漏洞已遏制;最终异常供应、可回收资产和用户损失仍应等待完整报告。评价处置质量,应看透明核算、独立复盘和恢复后的控制,而不是只看项目方多快宣布“问题解决”。

来源:The Sandbox官方8月22日事件声明(官方社交账号);The Sandbox官方多链桥背景说明,https://sandboxgame.medium.com/the-sandbox-announces-sand-bridge-to-binance-and-base-blockchains-0e513017fc47

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