Flock Testing AI Police Tools Raises Privacy Controversy
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Flock Safety Tests AI Police Tools, Capable of Tracking Drivers Based on Behavioral Patterns; Privacy Concerns Rise.
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美国监控公司 Flock Safety 正在测试一款面向执法部门的 AI 调查工具。根据 Wired 报道,这套系统即使没有姓名、车牌或外貌描述,也能依据地点、时间和行为模式筛查司机,并调用车牌扫描记录、逮捕记录及商业数据库中的个人信息。

可按行为模式筛查目标

报道显示,这款工具此前名为 Nightshift,现更名为 OS Investigate。Flock 称,产品仍处于开发阶段,目前只在少数执法合作伙伴中测试。

系统内置 69 条预设提示词,其中 41 条不需要额外授权。另有 14 条甚至不要求输入车牌、姓名或人物描述,只需提供某个地点、时间窗口和行为特征,例如“3 天内到过 3 家零售店的车辆”或“一周内多次出现在多家银行的车辆”。

在这类检索中,系统会排除公交车和配送车辆,再返回符合条件的人员名单。这意味着,普通司机只要行驶轨迹符合设定模式,也可能被纳入结果。

可识别关联车辆

Wired 称,其从 Flock 登录页面可访问的文件中提取了相关代码。代码显示,系统还能通过摄像头共现记录识别一辆车的“关联对象”。

具体做法是,统计哪些车辆在目标车辆出现前后两分钟内,频繁出现在同一摄像头下。如果某车牌满足出现次数和置信度条件,系统最多可返回 20 个相关姓名。

这一设计引发外界对“是否在追踪个人”的质疑。Flock 过去曾多次向公众表示,其技术“不能识别、确认或追踪个人”,也“不是用来看人”的。

争议已延伸至国会

Flock 发言人表示,OS Investigate 与公司的车牌识别产品属于不同产品线,目的是帮助调查人员整合其机构已掌握的记录,且功能在正式推出前仍可能发生较大变化。公司没有否认 Wired 报道中的核心内容。

围绕 Flock 摄像头网络的争议近期已进一步升级。报道提到,今年 6 月和 7 月,美国多地出现针对 Flock 摄像头的喷漆、遮挡和破坏事件。另有司法研究显示,过去已有多起执法人员涉嫌利用车牌识别系统跟踪现任或前任伴侣的案例。

在国会层面,美国众议员 Thomas Massie 计划推动法案,限制向部署这类技术的机构提供联邦资金。随着 AI 监控工具从车牌识别扩展到行为模式分析,相关隐私和执法边界争议预计还会继续升温。

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