DARPA Plans to Advance Underwater 3D-Printed Concrete for Military Port Construction
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DARPA Launches Research on Underwater 3D Printing of Concrete, Aiming to Combine AI with Automated Systems for the Construction and Repair of Maritime Facilities Such as Military Ports.
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美国国防高级研究计划局(DARPA)正寻求产业界和高校参与一项新研究,目标是在浅海和近岸区域实现水下 3D 打印混凝土,用于修复和建设关键港口设施。按设想,系统将直接利用海底砂土、黏土和海水,减少传统水下施工对专用设备和外部材料运输的依赖。

目标指向军港与海上设施

DARPA 表示,现有水下混凝土施工技术虽然已经存在,但流程复杂、成本较高,而且对环境扰动较大,不适合远征或军事行动场景。新方案希望在岸线浅水区以及最深 100 米水域开展施工,未来可用于港口、海堤、人工礁体等设施建设,也可服务于海底油气管道防护和海底通信电缆保护。

这项计划的更长期目标,是为“具备深水作业能力的全自主系统”打基础。按 DARPA 的设想,系统未来可在受损海事设施附近直接展开修复,降低后勤压力,并提升战时和灾后恢复速度。

AI 用于判断材料配比

项目还计划引入 AI,判断不同海域环境下海水与沉积物的最佳配比。由于不同地点的砂土、黏土和水体条件差异较大,材料组合会直接影响混凝土成型效果和耐久性。DARPA 希望通过算法提高现场施工的适应能力,而不是依赖单一固定配方。

美国军方近年持续加大对自主系统的投入,范围从空中和地面无人平台延伸到后勤与工程保障。陆上 3D 打印建筑此前已有试验,但以机器人系统执行水下施工,仍被视为新的技术方向。

背景是海事基础设施老化

DARPA 推动这一研究,也与美国海事基础设施老化问题有关。盐水、湿度、风暴和腐蚀会持续侵蚀码头、栈桥和海堤等设施,而这些地点既是平时的物流节点,也是战时的重要海军支撑点。

公开报告显示,美国部分海事军事设施状况已长期承压。去年发布的一份报告提到,美国海岸警卫队约 45% 的海事设施,包括码头和系泊设施,已超过预期服役年限。

除这项水下建造计划外,DARPA 还在推进另一项早期研究,试图更准确预测混凝土基础设施在数十年中的老化和失效方式。该机构 2023 年还曾向科罗拉多大学一项近五年研究提供 1000 万美元资金,探索让机场、导弹井和海军码头等受损设施具备类似生物系统的“自修复”能力。

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